Mr V - DNA Mutations exit ticket 1

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What are codons?

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Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to a specific amino acid or signal the termination of protein synthesis.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are added to the DNA sequence, potentially altering the reading frame.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence, which can also alter the reading frame.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide base is replaced by another, which may or may not affect the resulting protein.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A frameshift mutation is caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially leading to significant changes in the protein.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A silent mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

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What is the significance of the genetic code?

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The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

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What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?

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A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, while a frameshift mutation involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame.