AP Statistics: Sampling Types and Bias

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What is a representative sample?

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A representative sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.

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What is sampling bias?

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Sampling bias occurs when certain members of a population are systematically more likely to be selected for the sample than others.

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What is nonresponse bias?

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Nonresponse bias occurs when individuals selected for the sample do not respond, leading to a sample that may not represent the population.

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What is response bias?

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Response bias is a systematic pattern of incorrect responses in a survey, often due to the way questions are asked.

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What is undercoverage in sampling?

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Undercoverage occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample.

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What is a convenience sample?

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A convenience sample is a non-random sample that is taken from a group that is easy to reach.

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What is a simple random sample?

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A simple random sample is a sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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What is stratified sampling?

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Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and taking a sample from each stratum.

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What is systematic sampling?

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Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth member of the population after a random starting point.

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What is cluster sampling?

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Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting entire clusters for the sample.