DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as a template for protein synthesis, carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a corresponding polypeptide (protein) by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.