Thermodynamics Review

Front

What is the definition of ΔH in thermodynamics?

Back

ΔH represents the change in enthalpy, which is the heat content of a system at constant pressure.

Front

For which processes is ΔH expected to be positive?

Back

ΔH is positive for endothermic processes, such as water boiling and dry ice sublimating.

Front

What does the 1st Law of Thermodynamics state?

Back

The 1st Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed, indicating that energy in the universe is finite.

Front

What is specific heat?

Back

Specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C (or K).

Front

How does a catalyst affect a chemical reaction?

Back

A catalyst works by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Front

What is an endothermic process?

Back

An endothermic process is one that absorbs heat from the surroundings, resulting in a positive ΔH.

Front

What is an exothermic process?

Back

An exothermic process is one that releases heat to the surroundings, resulting in a negative ΔH.

Front

Define enthalpy.

Back

Enthalpy is a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system, represented as H = U + PV, where U is internal energy, P is pressure, and V is volume.

Front

What is the significance of the heat of vaporization?

Back

The heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into vapor without a change in temperature.

Front

What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?

Back

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.