Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

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What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes read mRNA sequences to synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

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What are codons?

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Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.

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What is an anticodon?

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An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA during translation.

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What is the significance of the start codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

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What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

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What are exons and introns?

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Exons are coding regions of mRNA that are expressed as proteins, while introns are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA processing.

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What is the TATA box?

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The TATA box is a DNA sequence found in the promoter region of eukaryotic genes that helps initiate transcription.