Classwork - Beginning Hypothesis Testing Flashcardizz

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What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

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The null hypothesis (H₀) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an alternative hypothesis (Hₐ)?

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The alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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How do you determine if a hypothesis test is one-tailed or two-tailed?

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A one-tailed test checks for the possibility of the relationship in one direction (greater than or less than), while a two-tailed test checks for the possibility in both directions (not equal to).

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What does it mean if a hypothesis test is one-tailed?

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A one-tailed test is used when the research hypothesis predicts a specific direction of the effect (e.g., greater than or less than a certain value).

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What does it mean if a hypothesis test is two-tailed?

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A two-tailed test is used when the research hypothesis does not predict a specific direction, only that there is a difference (e.g., not equal to a certain value).

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What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

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The significance level (α) is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, commonly set at 0.05.

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What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

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A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

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What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

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A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.

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What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

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The purpose of hypothesis testing is to make inferences about a population based on sample data, determining whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

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What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

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A parameter is a numerical value that describes a characteristic of a population, while a statistic is a numerical value that describes a characteristic of a sample.