Thermal Equilibrium

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What is thermal equilibrium?

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Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two objects in contact with each other do not exchange heat energy, meaning they are at the same temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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How does the speed of molecules relate to thermal energy?

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The speed of molecules increases with thermal energy; higher thermal energy means faster-moving molecules.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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What is conduction?

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Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, where heat moves from the hotter object to the cooler one.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

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What is convection?

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Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) caused by differences in temperature and density.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

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What is radiation?

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Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, and does not require a medium.

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In which direction does heat flow?

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Heat always flows from hot to cold.

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What happens to warm air in a room?

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Warm air rises because it is less dense than cool air, which sinks.

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What is an example of conduction in everyday life?

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Ironing a shirt is an example of conduction, where heat is transferred from the iron to the fabric.

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What is an example of convection in nature?

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An example of convection is the way warm air rises and cool air sinks, creating wind patterns.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

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What is an example of radiation?

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An example of radiation is feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin, even when you are not in direct contact with it.