AP Biology: Unit 4 Review (CED)

Front

What is the role of the M checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Back

The M checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before the cell proceeds to anaphase, preventing nondisjunction.

Front

What happens if there is a mutation in the protein components of the transduction signaling pathway?

Back

A mutation can alter the response of the cell to signals, potentially leading to uncontrolled cell growth or other dysfunctions.

Front

What occurs when a ligand binds to its receptor?

Back

The binding of a ligand to its receptor causes a conformational change in the receptor, initiating a signal transduction pathway.

Front

What is the G0 phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The G0 phase is a resting state where the cell is not actively preparing to divide and may exit the cell cycle.

Front

What is the correct order of the stages in mitosis?

Back

The correct order is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Front

What is the function of the G1 checkpoint?

Back

The G1 checkpoint assesses cell size, DNA integrity, and nutrient availability before the cell enters the S phase.

Front

What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The S phase is where DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes.

Front

What is apoptosis and why is it important?

Back

Apoptosis is programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells, maintaining tissue homeostasis.

Front

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).

Front

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Back

Benign tumors are non-cancerous growths that do not invade surrounding tissues, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body.