DNA & RNA

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).

Front

What is the primary function of DNA?

Back

The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information.

Front

What is RNA and how does it differ from DNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that contains ribose sugar, while DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA and RNA?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.

Front

What are the three types of RNA and their functions?

Back

1. mRNA (messenger RNA) - carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. 2. tRNA (transfer RNA) - brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. 3. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - makes up the ribosomes.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' end has a phosphate group, and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group; these ends are important for DNA replication and transcription.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in DNA replication?

Back

Enzymes such as DNA polymerase help to unwind the DNA double helix and synthesize new DNA strands.

Front

What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?

Back

A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a protein, while a chromosome is a long, continuous thread of DNA that contains many genes.