SS.912.A.2.1

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Slavery

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The system in which people are considered property and forced to work without pay. It was a central issue leading to the Civil War.

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States' Rights

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The idea that states have certain rights and political powers separate from the federal government. Southern states invoked this to justify secession.

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Territorial Claims

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Disputes over the ownership and governance of land, especially concerning whether new territories would permit slavery.

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Abolitionist Movement

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A social and political campaign aimed at ending slavery and freeing all enslaved people in the United States.

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Regional Differences

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Economic, cultural, and social disparities between the Northern and Southern states, including industrial vs. agricultural economies.

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Reconstruction (1865-1877)

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The period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved people into society.

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13th Amendment (1865)

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Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery throughout the United States.

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14th Amendment (1868)

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Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people, and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

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15th Amendment (1870)

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Prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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Westward Expansion

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The 19th-century movement of settlers into the American West, raising questions about the extension of slavery into new territories.