Protein Synthesis Review

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA during translation.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures that read mRNA and synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

How does the DNA sequence GTACAT transcribe to mRNA?

Back

The mRNA sequence transcribed from the DNA sequence GTACAT is CAUGUA.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the corresponding codon in mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

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Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.