DNA and Mutations

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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Where is DNA found in a cell?

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DNA is primarily found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

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What are the building blocks of DNA?

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The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

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mRNA is responsible for carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

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tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message during protein synthesis.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by another in the DNA sequence.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What is DNA replication?

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DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division.