Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the process of protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Back

DNA contains the genetic instructions for the synthesis of proteins, serving as a template for mRNA during transcription.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.