Transcription and Translation
Flashcard
•
Biology
•
9th - 12th Grade
•
Practice Problem
•
Hard
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is transcription?
Back
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is translation?
Back
Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA, translating the sequence of nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a polypeptide chain?
Back
A polypeptide chain is a series of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is mRNA?
Back
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is tRNA?
Back
tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the coded mRNA sequence.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a codon?
Back
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is an anticodon?
Back
An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added during translation.
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