AP Biology Unit 3 Review

Front

What is Glycolysis?

Back

Glycolysis is the metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. It occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

Front

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Back

The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Front

What are NADH and FADH2?

Back

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that transfer electrons to the electron transport chain, providing energy to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

What is the significance of the proton (H+) pump in the thylakoid?

Back

The proton pump in the thylakoid membrane is crucial for generating a proton gradient, which is used to produce ATP during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Front

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Back

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is formed as electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain and protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane.

Front

What is fermentation?

Back

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows cells to generate energy without oxygen, producing byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.

Front

What is the Krebs Cycle?

Back

The Krebs Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

Front

What is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Back

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, primarily from the sun, to drive the process of photosynthesis.

Front

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Back

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.