Bio Fall Semester Exam Review

Front

What is the result of crossing two homozygous plants (RRYY x rryy) in terms of seed shape and color?

Back

100% will have Round and Yellow seeds.

Front

What is a point mutation where one nucleotide base replaces an original nucleotide base?

Back

Substitution Mutation.

Front

When two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt) are crossed, what is the expected ratio of tall to short offspring?

Back

75% tall and 25% short.

Front

What describes the arrangement of the sides of the DNA molecule?

Back

Antiparallel.

Front

If a DNA strand has the bases AAGCCA, what are the bases on the complementary strand?

Back

TTCGGT.

Front

Define homozygous in genetics.

Back

An organism with two identical alleles for a trait.

Front

Define heterozygous in genetics.

Back

An organism with two different alleles for a trait.

Front

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

Back

To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical expression of a trait.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in traits.