8F: Ecosystem Changes: Succession Flashcard

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What is primary succession?

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Primary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat.

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What is secondary succession?

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Secondary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where soil is present but has been disturbed, such as after a forest fire or human activity.

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What are pioneer species?

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Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize previously uninhabited or disturbed environments, playing a crucial role in soil formation and ecosystem development.

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What is a climax community?

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A climax community is a stable and mature ecological community that has reached a steady state, where species composition remains relatively unchanged over time.

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How do lichens contribute to primary succession?

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Lichens break down rock to form soil, making it possible for other plants to grow in primary succession.

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What role does fire play in secondary succession?

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Fire can initiate secondary succession by clearing out existing vegetation, allowing new growth to occur.

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What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

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Primary succession starts on bare rock with no soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil.

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What typically occurs first during secondary succession?

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The arrival of pioneer species typically occurs first during secondary succession.

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What is soil formation?

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Soil formation is the process by which rocks and organic matter break down to create soil, essential for plant growth.

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What are herbaceous plants?

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Herbaceous plants are non-woody plants that typically grow in the early stages of succession, contributing to soil stabilization.