Immune Response and Leucocytes

Front

What are the two types of leucocytes involved in active immune responses?

Back

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes (B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes)

Front

What are phagocytes?

Back

Large white blood cells produced in red bone marrow that can change shape and engulf pathogens through phagocytosis.

Front

How do antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes facilitate phagocytosis?

Back

By marking pathogens, clumping them together, and inactivating them.

Front

What is the function of B-lymphocytes?

Back

They have receptor proteins that allow them to attach to antigens on pathogens, multiply, and produce antibodies.

Front

What do antibodies do when they attach to antigens of pathogens?

Back

They mark pathogens for phagocytosis, cause them to clump together (agglutinate), and can cause them to burst.

Front

What is the role of T-lymphocytes in the immune response?

Back

They recognize and destroy body cells infected by viruses.

Front

How do T-lymphocytes detect infected cells?

Back

Infected cells carry the virus's antigen on their surface, which is detected by receptor proteins on T-lymphocytes.

Front

What are CD4 cells?

Back

Special types of T-lymphocytes that stimulate the immune response against infections.

Front

What happens to some lymphocytes after an infection?

Back

They become memory cells, remaining in the blood to produce more antibodies if the same pathogen is encountered again.

Front

How does the immune response change upon re-infection by the same pathogen?

Back

It becomes more effective and faster, allowing the pathogen to be killed before it multiplies and spreads.