Ch 7 Forensics: DNA Profiling

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What is DNA profiling?

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DNA profiling is a forensic technique used to identify individuals by analyzing their unique DNA characteristics.

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What are STRs in DNA profiling?

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Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are repeating sequences of DNA that are used in DNA profiling to differentiate between individuals.

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How many STRs are typically analyzed in forensic DNA profiling?

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Typically, 13 to 20 STRs are analyzed in forensic DNA profiling.

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What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?

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Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for the visualization of DNA profiles.

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What type of DNA can be collected from a crime scene?

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DNA can be collected from blood, skin, hair with follicle, saliva, and other biological materials.

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What is CODIS?

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CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) is the FBI's database that stores DNA profiles for criminal investigations.

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What is the significance of the number of DNA bands in profiling?

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The number of DNA bands indicates the genetic similarities or differences between individuals, which can help in identification.

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What is the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in DNA profiling?

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PCR is used to amplify small amounts of DNA, making it easier to analyze and profile.

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What is the difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA?

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Nuclear DNA is inherited from both parents and is unique to each individual, while mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother and is less variable.

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What is the importance of hair with follicle in DNA collection?

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Hair with follicle contains nuclear DNA, which can provide a more accurate DNA profile compared to hair without follicle.