Unit 3: DNA Replication, Cell Cycle, and Cancer

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, resulting in two DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one new strand.

Front

What occurs at a checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Back

A checkpoint is a critical point in the cell cycle where stop and go signals regulate the progression of the cycle, ensuring that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase.

Front

What is the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

The S phase (Synthesis phase) is the part of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of the genetic material.

Front

Define apoptosis.

Back

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in a regulated manner, allowing the body to remove unnecessary or damaged cells.

Front

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Back

Benign tumors are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other areas.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the significance of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The G1 phase (Gap 1 phase) is the first stage of interphase where the cell grows, synthesizes proteins, and prepares for DNA replication.

Front

What is metastasis?

Back

Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the original tumor site to other parts of the body, forming new tumors.

Front

What is the function of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle is a series of events that lead to cell division and replication, allowing for growth, development, and tissue repair.

Front

What is the role of checkpoints in cancer prevention?

Back

Checkpoints help prevent cancer by ensuring that cells do not divide uncontrollably and that damaged DNA is repaired or the cell is eliminated.