Unit 4 SOL Review: Protein Synthesis

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is transcription in protein synthesis?

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence. This occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

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What is translation in protein synthesis?

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Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to assemble a sequence of amino acids, forming a protein. This occurs in the ribosome.

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What are the four bases of DNA?

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The four bases of DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

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In DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

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What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?

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The Human Genome Project was significant because it mapped the entire human genome, allowing scientists to understand genetic diseases and develop new medical treatments.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is the start codon?

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The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function, potentially causing diseases.