Flashcard 1

Front

What is an isotope?

Back

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.

Front

What does the nuclear symbol ²¹₉X represent?

Back

It represents an isotope of element X with a mass number of 21 and an atomic number of 9.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state.

Front

How does the first ionization energy trend across a period in the periodic table?

Back

The first ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

What is the average atomic mass?

Back

The average atomic mass is the weighted average of the masses of an element's isotopes, taking into account their relative abundances.

Front

What does PES stand for in chemistry?

Back

PES stands for Photoelectron Spectroscopy, a technique used to study the energy levels of electrons in atoms.

Front

What is the relationship between ionization energy and atomic size?

Back

As atomic size decreases, ionization energy increases because the electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus.

Front

What happens during electron excitation?

Back

During electron excitation, an electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy level.

Front

What is relaxation in terms of electron behavior?

Back

Relaxation is the process where an excited electron returns to a lower energy level, often releasing energy in the form of light.

Front

What is a quantum jump?

Back

A quantum jump is the transition of an electron between energy levels in an atom, which can involve the absorption or emission of energy.