Hypothesis Testing

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H0)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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What does it mean to 'reject the null hypothesis'?

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Rejecting the null hypothesis means that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

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What does it mean to 'fail to reject the null hypothesis'?

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Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

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What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

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A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true, but is incorrectly rejected.

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What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

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A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but is incorrectly failed to be rejected.

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What is the significance level (alpha) in hypothesis testing?

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The significance level (alpha) is the probability of making a Type I error, commonly set at 0.05.

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What is a p-value in hypothesis testing?

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The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean if the p-value is less than the significance level?

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If the p-value is less than the significance level, it indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its rejection.

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What is a one-tailed test in hypothesis testing?

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A one-tailed test is used to determine if there is a significant effect in one specific direction (either greater than or less than a certain value).