AP Biology - Unit 3 Review

Front

What is the main function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Back

To transfer electrons through a series of proteins and create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Front

What is chemiosmosis?

Back

The process of using a proton gradient to power ATP Synthase and produce ATP.

Front

Define substrate in the context of enzymatic reactions.

Back

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme.

Front

What role do electron carriers play in cellular respiration?

Back

They transport electrons and hydrogen ions (H+) to the electron transport chain.

Front

What is produced at the end of the electron transport chain?

Back

Water (H2O) and ATP.

Front

How do plants obtain CO2 for photosynthesis?

Back

Through diffusion into the chloroplasts.

Front

What is the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while facilitated diffusion does not.

Front

What is ATP Synthase?

Back

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy from a proton gradient.

Front

What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

Back

It drives the synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis.

Front

What are NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?

Back

They are electron carriers that transport electrons to the electron transport chain.