Mutations and CRISPR Review

Front

What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system used for?

Back

A tool for editing genes by cutting DNA at specific locations.

Front

How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system inactivate a gene?

Back

By cutting the DNA at specific locations.

Front

What is a chromosomal mutation that occurs when a broken piece of a chromosome is reattached backwards?

Back

Inversion.

Front

What genetic disease is caused by a point mutation resulting in defective hemoglobin?

Back

Sickle Cell Disease.

Front

What can the CRISPR-Cas9 system do in living cells?

Back

Fix genes in individuals with genetic disorders.

Front

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations harmful?

Back

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, altering the amino acid sequence.

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A mutation that involves a change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the difference between a substitution mutation and a frameshift mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation replaces one base with another, while a frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of bases, shifting the reading frame.

Front

What is translocation in genetics?

Back

A chromosomal mutation where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Front

What role does the Cas9 protein play in the CRISPR system?

Back

It acts as a molecular scissors that cuts DNA at specific sites.