Energy Transfer

Front

What is energy transfer?

Back

Energy transfer refers to the process of energy moving from one system or object to another, often involving conversion from one form to another, such as from chemical energy in food to kinetic energy in muscles.

Front

Define glucogenic amino acids.

Back

Glucogenic amino acids are amino acids that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis, providing a source of energy when carbohydrates are scarce.

Front

What macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?

Back

Fats provide the most energy per gram, yielding approximately 9 calories per gram, compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide about 4 calories per gram.

Front

What is the structure of ATP?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) consists of three phosphate groups, a ribose sugar, and an adenine base.

Front

What is the role of carbohydrates during exercise?

Back

Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source during exercise, especially high-intensity activities, as they can be quickly converted to glucose for energy.

Front

True or False: The Citric Acid Cycle produces ATP directly.

Back

False. The Citric Acid Cycle primarily produces NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.

Front

What is the primary function of fats in the body?

Back

Fats serve as a long-term energy storage, provide insulation, and protect vital organs, as well as being essential for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Front

Define the term 'metabolism'.

Back

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including catabolism (breaking down molecules for energy) and anabolism (building up molecules).

Front

What is gluconeogenesis?

Back

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids and glycerol.

Front

What is the significance of the electron transport chain?

Back

The electron transport chain is crucial for ATP production, as it uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.