Recitation Week 2

Q1. Which of the following is important specifically for learning new vocabulary?

• A. Phonological Loop

• B. Central Executive

• C. Episodic Buffer

• D. Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Q2. In a study on serial position effects, one group recalls a word list immediately, while another recalls it after a 2-minute delay. What is the MOST likely recall pattern?

• A. The immediate recall group will show a strong primacy effect but no recency effect, while the delayed recall group will show both effects equally.

• B. The immediate recall group will exhibit both primacy and recency effects, whereas the delayed recall group will show a diminished recency effect but a preserved primacy effect.

• C. Both groups will demonstrate equal primacy and recency effects since the list length remains constant.

• D. The delayed recall group will show an enhanced recency effect due to consolidation into long-term memory, while the primacy effect will disappear.

Q3. In his 1971 experiment, Rundus successfully explain away the recency effect of word recall accuracy demonstrated in Murdock 1962. Suppose he had a third group of subject that simply wait for 30s (without counting backwards) before testing their recall, what results should you expect?

• A. Subjects would still show the recency effect since they can hold the last few words in working memory by rehearsal

• B. Subjects would not show the recency effect nor the primacy effect due to decay of long term memory

• C. Subjects would not show the recency effect since working memory only holds information for about 10-15 seconds

• D. Subjects would not show the primacy effect since working memory only holds information for about 10-15 seconds

Q4. In Conrad’s 1964 study, he investigated how errors people make in recalling letters. Suppose that the target letter is “M”, what letter is most likely to be mis-recalled?

• A. Letter “W”

• B. Letter “F”

• C. Letter “N”

• D. Letter “E”

Q5. According to dual-task theory, which of the following secondary tasks would most likely interfere with a primary visual span task?

• A. Reciting the alphabet backwards aloud

• B. Listening to a sequence of digits and computing a running sum

• C. Identifying and pointing at a target object in a visual scene

• D. None of the above would cause interference

Q6. Which of the following scenario demonstrates double dissociation between working memory and long term memory

• A. HM have functioning short term memory but cannot form long term memory

• B. Subjects show greater engagement in their hippocampus when using their short term memory in a fMRI study

• C. KF have severely limited working memory due to damage to his parietal lobe

• D. None of the above

Q7. Which of the following does not rely entirely on semantic memory?

• A. Recalling the definition of the word philosophy

• B. Recalling the typical procedure for paying up your bill at restaurant

• C. Recalling your recent trip to a nearby city

• D. Recalling the number of soldiers died on D-day

Q8. Evidence from Ranganath and D’Esposito (2001) challenges a strict separation between WM and LTM because:

• A. Familiar faces produced stronger hippocampal activation than novel faces

• B. Novel faces showed elevated hippocampal activation

• C. Novel faces failed to activate the hippocampus

• D. Familiar faces failed to activate the hippocampus

Q9. In Baddeley et al.1975 study, subjects can recall on average 2.5 multisyllabic words. Why is this number smaller than the working memory capacity of 4 items reported in Luck & Vogel 1997?

• A. Baddeley’s task is a long-term-memory task and subjects suffer from retrieval failure, so working memory capacity is not applicable

• B. Luck and Vogel’s estimation is inaccurate due to chunking

• C. Luck and Vogel’s estimation only applies to visual components in working memory

• D. Subjects struggle to hold longer words in their phonological loop due to the word length effect

Q10. Miller’s estimation of working memory capacity of 7 is considered to be an overestimation. Which of the short term memory component contributes the most to this overestimation?

• A. Episodic Buffer

• B. Central Executive

• C. Phonological Loop

• D. Visual-Spatial Sketchpad