Practice EOC/Final Exam Review

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What are vestigial structures?

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Vestigial structures are remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor but are no longer functional in the current organism.

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What is comparative embryology?

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Comparative embryology is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species, which can provide evidence for common ancestry.

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What is the significance of homologous structures in comparative anatomy?

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Homologous structures are anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry, indicating evolutionary relationships.

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What evidence do fossils provide in the study of evolution?

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Fossils provide evidence of past life forms and their changes over time, supporting the theory of evolution and common descent.

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How does DNA evidence support the theory of evolution?

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DNA evidence shows genetic similarities among different species, indicating a shared ancestry and evolutionary relationships.

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What are the main causes of species decline globally?

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The main causes include overfishing, overhunting, habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution.

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What does it mean for a trait to be dominant?

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A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present.

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What does it mean for a trait to be recessive?

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A recessive trait is one that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies of the allele are present.

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What is photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

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What are phospholipids?

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Phospholipids are molecules that form the basic structure of cell membranes, consisting of a hydrophilic 'head' and two hydrophobic 'tails'.