Energy Transformation - Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

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What is photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

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What is cellular respiration?

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Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. It occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

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What is lactic acid fermentation?

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Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is scarce, resulting in the production of lactic acid and a small amount of ATP.

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What is the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration?

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Mitochondria are the organelles where cellular respiration occurs, specifically the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, producing ATP.

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What are the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

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Light-dependent reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis that occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, converting light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) and releasing oxygen.

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What are the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis?

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The light-independent reactions, or Calvin cycle, occur in the stroma of chloroplasts, using ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

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What is the equation for cellular respiration?

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The equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.

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What is the Krebs cycle?

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The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2 by oxidizing acetyl-CoA.

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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

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Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP, often resulting in byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.

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What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

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Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy, primarily from the sun, which is essential for the photosynthesis process.