Central Dogma of Biology

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What is the Central Dogma of Biology?

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The Central Dogma of Biology describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system, typically summarized as DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

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Where does translation occur in the cell?

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Translation occurs at the ribosomes, which can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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What is the role of mRNA?

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

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What is the function of tRNA?

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

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What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes and plays a crucial role in the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is the significance of the start codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

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What is a stop codon?

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A stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals the termination of translation, indicating that the protein synthesis is complete.