Biology Bootcamp STAAR Flashcard 1

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

Front

What are ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA). They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is the genotype of a heterozygous organism?

Back

A heterozygous organism has two different alleles for a particular gene, represented as Tt.

Front

What is the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt)?

Back

The phenotypic ratio is 3 tall (75%) to 1 short (25%).

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Front

What is a gene?

Back

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.