Basic Facts About Hypothesis Testing

Front

What is hypothesis testing?

Back

A statistical method used to make decisions about a population based on sample data.

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H0)?

Back

A statement that there is no effect or difference, serving as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

Front

What is an alternative hypothesis (H1)?

Back

A statement that indicates the presence of an effect or difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

Front

What is a p-value?

Back

The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

It means there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

Front

What does it mean to fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

It means there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

Front

What is the significance level (α)?

Back

The threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05.

Front

What is a Type I error?

Back

The error made when the null hypothesis is true but is incorrectly rejected.

Front

What is a Type II error?

Back

The error made when the null hypothesis is false but is incorrectly failed to be rejected.

Front

What is a test statistic?

Back

A standardized value that is calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test.