DNA vs RNA & Central Dogma

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a three-base sequence in DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

How do you translate a DNA sequence into amino acids?

Back

To translate a DNA sequence, first transcribe it into mRNA, then use the genetic code to determine the corresponding amino acids.

Front

What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the DNA strand during replication.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating mRNA.

Front

What is transcription in the context of the central dogma?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation in the context of the central dogma?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into amino acids.