Flashcard 2

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They determine the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between molecules when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

Front

What is the significance of boiling point in substances?

Back

The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance transitions from a liquid to a gas. It is influenced by intermolecular forces; stronger forces result in higher boiling points.

Front

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

Back

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in molecules due to the movement of electrons. They are present in all molecules, regardless of polarity.

Front

What is a dipole moment?

Back

A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It indicates the polarity of the molecule.

Front

How does molecular size affect boiling point?

Back

Larger molecules generally have higher boiling points due to increased London dispersion forces, which arise from more electrons and larger electron clouds.

Front

What is solubility?

Back

Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, often measured in terms of concentration. It is influenced by the nature of the solute and solvent.

Front

What is conductivity in terms of ionic compounds?

Back

Conductivity refers to the ability of a substance to conduct electricity. Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water because they dissociate into ions.

Front

What is the role of electronegativity in bonding?

Back

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond. It influences the type of bond formed (ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent) and the molecule's polarity.