Earth Science Review

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What is conduction?

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Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials. It occurs when faster-moving particles collide with slower-moving ones, transferring energy.

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What is convection?

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Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). It occurs when warmer, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a circulation pattern.

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What is radiation?

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Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. It does not require a medium and can occur in a vacuum, such as the heat from the sun reaching the Earth.

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What is the lithosphere?

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The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into tectonic plates.

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What is the mantle?

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The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior, lying between the crust and the outer core. It is composed of silicate rocks and is involved in tectonic plate movement.

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What are tectonic plates?

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Tectonic plates are large sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact with one another. Their movements can cause earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.

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What causes the movement of tectonic plates?

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The movement of tectonic plates is primarily caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere, which is the semi-fluid layer beneath the lithosphere.

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What is plate tectonics?

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Plate tectonics is the geological theory that describes the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithospheric plates. It explains phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building.

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What is subduction?

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Subduction is the process by which one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the mantle. It often leads to the formation of deep ocean trenches and volcanic arcs.

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What is sea-floor spreading?

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Sea-floor spreading is the process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates pull apart. It contributes to the movement of continents.

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