AP BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW 2024

Front

What is enzyme saturation?

Back

Enzyme saturation occurs when all active sites of an enzyme are occupied by substrate molecules, leading to a maximum rate of reaction that cannot be increased by adding more substrate.

Front

How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?

Back

Enzyme activity increases with substrate concentration until the enzyme becomes saturated; beyond this point, additional substrate does not increase the reaction rate.

Front

What is the role of temperature in cellular respiration?

Back

Temperature affects the rate of cellular respiration; generally, as temperature increases, the rate of respiration increases until an optimal temperature is reached, after which the rate may decline.

Front

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

The nucleus stores genetic information and regulates gene expression, controlling cellular activities and functions.

Front

What happens if the nucleus malfunctions?

Back

Nuclear dysfunction can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which may result in cancer or other diseases.

Front

Which elements are most common in living organisms?

Back

The six most common elements in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Front

What is the primary function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

Back

The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes lipids and phospholipids, detoxifies harmful chemicals, and stores and releases calcium ions.

Front

What is competitive inhibition in enzyme activity?

Back

Competitive inhibition occurs when a substance competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme, reducing the rate of reaction.

Front

What is the significance of measuring carbon dioxide production in yeast?

Back

Measuring carbon dioxide production in yeast helps determine the rate of cellular respiration under different conditions, such as temperature.

Front

What is the difference between the Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Back

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, while the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.