1.4.2/1.4.3 MI

Front

What is herd immunity?

Back

Herd immunity is achieved when a high percentage of a population is vaccinated or immune to a contagious disease, protecting those who are not immune.

Front

What type of injection is delivered below the skin layer, but above the muscle layer?

Back

Subcutaneous injection.

Front

What are important factors for scientists when producing a new vaccine?

Back

The safety of the vaccine, ease of delivery, and overall effectiveness over time are all important factors.

Front

What must be true for a human gene and plasmid to be inserted together?

Back

Both must be cut by the same restriction enzyme.

Front

Which enzyme acts like glue to join the complementary base pairs of the cut DNA on the plasmid?

Back

Ligase.

Front

Define 'subcutaneous injection'.

Back

An injection delivered into the layer of fat and tissue just beneath the skin.

Front

What is the role of ligase in DNA manipulation?

Back

Ligase joins together the DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds.

Front

What is a plasmid?

Back

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

Front

What is the function of a restriction enzyme?

Back

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of new genes.

Front

What is the significance of vaccine effectiveness over time?

Back

Vaccine effectiveness over time ensures that immunity remains strong and protects against disease.