Moya Flashcard 8 Review

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Back

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles (e.g., BB or bb), while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles (e.g., Bb).

Front

What does it mean if a trait is incompletely dominant?

Back

Incompletely dominant traits result in a phenotype that is a blend of the two alleles, such as wavy hair from heterozygous parents (Hh).

Front

What is a Punnett square used for?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from parental crosses.

Front

What is the probability of obtaining a heterozygous offspring from two heterozygous parents?

Back

The probability is 50% or 2/4.

Front

Define phenotype.

Back

Phenotype refers to the physical appearance or trait of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Front

What is polygenic inheritance?

Back

Polygenic inheritance is a pattern where multiple genes influence a single trait, resulting in a range of phenotypes, such as skin color.

Front

What is the significance of the 1:2:1 genotype ratio in a Punnett square?

Back

The 1:2:1 ratio indicates the expected genotypes of offspring from a monohybrid cross, showing one homozygous dominant, two heterozygous, and one homozygous recessive.

Front

What are multiple alleles?

Back

Multiple alleles refer to the presence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait within a population, such as blood type (A, B, O).

Front

What is the role of linked genes in inheritance?

Back

Linked genes are genes that are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.