Biology Fall Semester Exam Review

Front

What is the process of transcribing DNA to mRNA?

Back

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA. For example, the DNA sequence GCTATA is transcribed to mRNA as CGAUAU.

Front

List the stages of mitosis in order.

Back

The stages of mitosis in order are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Front

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

Back

The three main parts of a nucleotide are phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.

Front

What is a primer in the context of PCR?

Back

A primer is a short segment of DNA that complements a specific sequence to be amplified or copied during PCR.

Front

What is the probability of two heterozygous parents producing a homozygous recessive offspring?

Back

The probability is 25%.

Front

Define mitosis.

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

Explain the difference between DNA and RNA.

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and support.

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, representing the alleles inherited from its parents.