Learning Theories Flashcard

Front

What is the primary distinction between classical and operant conditioning?

Back

Classical conditioning pairs stimuli, while operant conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment.

Front

How does habituation differ from extinction?

Back

Habituation reduces responsiveness to repeated stimuli, while extinction reduces conditioned responses.

Front

Which best describes the process of acquisition in classical conditioning?

Back

The conditioned response is first established by repeated pairing of stimuli.

Front

What distinguishes a conditioned stimulus from an unconditioned stimulus?

Back

A conditioned stimulus triggers a learned response, while an unconditioned stimulus triggers a natural response.

Front

Why is taste aversion considered an example of biological preparedness?

Back

It reflects an innate tendency to associate certain stimuli with illness.

Front

What is the difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Back

Generalization causes the same response to similar stimuli, while discrimination distinguishes between them.

Front

Which example demonstrates reinforcement shaping behavior? A dog stops barking when its owner scolds it. A child gradually learns to ride a bike through praise at each stage of progress. A student studies less because a teacher cancels tests. A cat avoids a room after being startled by a loud noise there.

Back

A child gradually learns to ride a bike through praise at each stage of progress.

Front

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer? Food, Water, Praise, Warmth

Back

Praise

Front

How do fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedules differ?

Back

Fixed-ratio rewards behavior after a set number of responses, while variable-ratio rewards after random intervals.

Front

Which scenario illustrates learned helplessness? A dog refuses to leave its cage after repeated failed escape attempts. A child stops asking questions after being ignored once. A student improves their grades after extra tutoring. A bird avoids a specific tree after an encounter with a predator.

Back

A dog refuses to leave its cage after repeated failed escape attempts.