AP- Cell Communication (4.1-4.4)

Front

What are the three general ways cells communicate?

Back

Direct Contact, Local Signaling, Long-distance signaling

Front

What is a signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein?

Back

Ligand

Front

What do second messengers do?

Back

Relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.

Front

What does a protein phosphatase do?

Back

Removes phosphates.

Front

Which type of signaling occurs in animal nervous systems where neurons secrete neurotransmitters?

Back

Synaptic signaling.

Front

Define Direct Contact in cell communication.

Back

A method where cells communicate through physical connections, such as gap junctions or plasmodesmata.

Front

What is Local Signaling?

Back

Communication between cells that are close together, often through the release of signaling molecules.

Front

Explain Long-distance signaling.

Back

A form of communication where hormones are released into the bloodstream to reach distant target cells.

Front

What role do G protein-coupled receptors play in cell signaling?

Back

They act as receptors that, when bound by a ligand, activate G proteins to initiate a signaling cascade.

Front

What is the function of a receptor protein?

Back

To bind specific signaling molecules and initiate a cellular response.