Honors Membranes, Molecules, and Movement Test

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What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is a basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. It is essential for storing and transmitting genetic information.

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What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, using energy in the form of ATP.

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What is passive transport?

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Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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What is diffusion?

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Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

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What is osmosis?

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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What is a solute?

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A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solution, typically present in a smaller amount compared to the solvent.

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What is a solvent?

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A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, forming a solution. It is typically present in a greater amount.

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What is a polar covalent molecule?

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A polar covalent molecule is a molecule that has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end due to unequal sharing of electrons.

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What is water's role in biological systems?

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Water is essential for life, serving as a solvent, a medium for chemical reactions, and a temperature regulator.

Front

What is the significance of water's polarity?

Back

Water's polarity allows it to form hydrogen bonds, which contribute to its unique properties such as high surface tension, high specific heat, and its ability to dissolve many substances.