The First 14

Front

Affirmed that the freedom of speech protection afforded in the U.S. Constitution’s First Amendment could be restricted if the words spoken or printed represented to society a 'clear and present danger.'

Back

Schenck v. The United States (1919)

Front

Established the doctrine of Judicial Review

Back

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Front

Established the doctrine of 'separate but equal' which further ingrained Jim Crow laws in the southern states.

Back

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Front

The Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to the violation of the 1st Amendment. Which case is this?

Back

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Front

The Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own.

Back

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Front

Upheld as constitutional the U.S. internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War.

Back

Korematsu v. the United States (1944)

Front

Declared that slaves could not sue in federal court because they were not citizens of the United States.

Back

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Front

The Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits 'unreasonable searches and seizures', is inadmissible in state courts.

Back

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Front

The Supreme Court held that redistricting qualifies as a justiciable question under the Fourteenth Amendment, thus enabling federal courts to hear Fourteenth Amendment-based congressional redistricting cases.

Back

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Front

The court found that the First Amendment applied to public schools, and school officials could not censor student speech unless it disrupted the educational process.

Back

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)