DNA, Punnett Squares, and Mitosis Flashcard

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is made up of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are alleles?

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Alleles are different versions of a gene that determine specific traits. For example, a gene for flower color may have a purple allele and a white allele.

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What does genotype mean?

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Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles it possesses for a particular trait.

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What does phenotype mean?

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Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

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What is the probability of an event?

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Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur, expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percentage.

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What does dominant mean in genetics?

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A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

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What does recessive mean in genetics?

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A recessive allele is one that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

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What is mitosis?

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Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair.

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What is the result of a Tt x Tt cross?

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The result of a Tt x Tt cross is a 25% chance of producing a short plant (tt), 50% chance of tall plants (Tt), and 25% chance of homozygous tall plants (TT).