Soil Formation Flashcard

Front

What is the top layer of soil called?

Back

Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, rich in organic material and nutrients, where most plant roots grow.

Front

What is erosion?

Back

Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by wind, water, or ice and transported to another location.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Front

What is Horizon A in soil layers?

Back

Horizon A, also known as topsoil, is the layer of soil that contains the most organic matter and is crucial for plant growth.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Front

Where do most soil-dwelling animals live?

Back

Most soil-dwelling animals, such as insects and worms, live in the topsoil layer.

Front

What is bedrock?

Back

Bedrock is the solid rock layer beneath the soil layers, providing a foundation for the soil above.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Front

What is subsoil?

Back

Subsoil is the layer of soil beneath the topsoil, containing minerals and nutrients but less organic material.

Front

What is the role of humus in soil?

Back

Humus is the dark organic material in soil formed from decomposed plant and animal matter, enriching the soil and improving its structure.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Front

What factors contribute to soil formation?

Back

Soil formation is influenced by weathering of rocks, organic matter decomposition, climate, topography, and biological activity.

Front

What is weathering?

Back

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Front

How does wind contribute to erosion?

Back

Wind can lift and carry small particles of soil and sand, leading to erosion, especially in dry and bare areas.