Psych Unit 4 (Learning and Language)

Front

Solving a puzzle by systematically trying every combination until one works is an example of:

Back

Algorithm

Answer explanation

Solving a puzzle by systematically trying every combination is a methodical approach, which aligns with the definition of an algorithm. While trial-and-error is similar, the term 'algorithm' better captures the structured nature of this process.

Front

Maria couldn't figure out a tricky math problem during class, but the solution suddenly came to her while walking home. This is an example of:

Back

Insight

Answer explanation

Maria's sudden realization of the math problem while walking home exemplifies 'insight', which refers to the moment of clarity or understanding that often occurs unexpectedly.

Front

What often leads people to feel more certain about their opinions than they should?

Back

Overconfidence

Answer explanation

Overconfidence often leads individuals to overestimate their knowledge and abilities, causing them to feel more certain about their opinions than is warranted. This can result in a lack of openness to alternative viewpoints.

Front

To generate creative solutions, which type of thinking is typically required?

Back

Divergent thinking

Answer explanation

Divergent thinking is essential for generating creative solutions as it encourages exploring multiple possibilities and ideas, unlike linear or sequential reasoning which focus on a single path or solution.

Front

The building blocks of spoken language, such as the sounds in "cat," are called:

Back

Phonemes

Answer explanation

The building blocks of spoken language are called phonemes, which are the distinct units of sound that differentiate meaning, such as the sounds /k/, /æ/, and /t/ in the word 'cat'. Graphemes are written symbols, morphemes are units of meaning, and syntax refers to sentence structure.

Front

The rules for arranging words into sentences, such as subject-verb-object order, are referred to as:

Back

Syntax

Answer explanation

The rules for arranging words into sentences are known as syntax. Syntax specifically refers to the structure and order of words, while grammar encompasses broader rules, including syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Front

According to behaviorist theories, children learn language primarily through:

Back

Social reinforcement

Answer explanation

According to behaviorist theories, children learn language through social reinforcement, where they receive feedback and encouragement from caregivers, helping them to acquire language skills effectively.

Front

Which of the following is the earliest stage of language development? Learning basic words, Babbling and cooing, Telegraphic speech, Sentence formation

Back

Babbling and cooing

Answer explanation

The earliest stage of language development is 'babbling and cooing', which occurs in infants around 2 to 6 months. This stage involves producing sounds and experimenting with vocalization before forming words.

Front

When someone struggles to think of new uses for everyday objects, such as using a coin as a screwdriver, they are experiencing:

Back

Functional fixedness

Answer explanation

When someone struggles to think of new uses for objects, like using a coin as a screwdriver, they are experiencing functional fixedness. This cognitive bias limits their ability to see alternative uses for familiar items.

Front

When identifying the best example of a bird, such as a robin rather than a penguin, you're relying on your:

Back

Prototype

Answer explanation

A prototype is the best example of a category, like a robin for birds. It represents the most typical features of that category, distinguishing it from less typical examples like a penguin.