Fall Midterm Review (OnRamps Biology)

Front

Which molecule moves through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

Back

CO₂ (carbon dioxide) moves rapidly through the lipid bilayer due to its small size and nonpolar nature.

Front

What is the role of protein kinase in cellular processes?

Back

Protein kinase activates proteins by transferring a phosphate group to them, which can change the protein's activity.

Front

What type of bond is formed between amino acids in a protein's primary structure?

Back

Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids in the primary structure of proteins.

Front

What happens to ATP to release free energy?

Back

Free energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed.

Front

What type of reaction results in the formation of a peptide bond?

Back

A condensation reaction (or dehydration synthesis) results in the formation of a peptide bond.

Front

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Back

The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Front

What is the function of cAMP in cellular signaling?

Back

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) acts as a secondary messenger in cellular signaling pathways.

Front

What is the difference between primary and secondary protein structures?

Back

Primary structure refers to the sequence of amino acids, while secondary structure refers to the folding or coiling of the chain into alpha helices or beta sheets.

Front

What is hydrolysis in biological reactions?

Back

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water.

Front

What is the significance of the tertiary structure of a protein?

Back

The tertiary structure determines the overall 3D shape of a protein, which is crucial for its function.