Bio 101 Final Review: Genetics

Front

What is the inheritance pattern of curly hair when it is incompletely dominant over straight hair?

Back

Curly hair is incompletely dominant, meaning that when a wavy-haired individual (heterozygous) mates with another wavy-haired individual, there is a 25% chance of producing a child with straight hair (homozygous recessive).

Front

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes decondense and the nucleus reforms?

Back

Telophase is the phase of mitosis where chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.

Front

What type of bond connects the sugar and phosphate backbone of DNA?

Back

Covalent bonds connect the sugar and phosphate groups in the DNA backbone.

Front

What are the components found in the center of a DNA helix?

Back

The center of a DNA helix contains nitrogenous bases, which pair with each other (A-T and C-G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder.

Front

During which stage of meiosis does independent assortment occur?

Back

Independent assortment occurs during Meiosis I, specifically during metaphase I when homologous chromosomes line up.

Front

Define incomplete dominance in genetics.

Back

Incomplete dominance is a form of inheritance where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

Front

What is the role of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) encode genetic information and pair specifically to form the rungs of the DNA ladder.

Front

Explain the significance of telophase in cell division.

Back

Telophase marks the end of mitosis, where the chromosomes reach the poles, decondense, and the nuclear envelope reforms, leading to the formation of two daughter nuclei.

Front

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes with half the chromosome number.

Front

What is the function of covalent bonds in DNA structure?

Back

Covalent bonds provide stability to the DNA structure by linking the sugar and phosphate groups in the backbone.