Probability and Statistics

Probability is a measure of the likelihood that an event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Mean = (Sum of all values) / (Number of values)

The median is the middle value when the data set is ordered from least to greatest.

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.

A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, showing the frequency of data points within specified ranges.

Two events are independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the other.

A sample is a subset of a population used to represent the entire group.

Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set, while inferential statistics use a sample to make predictions or inferences about a population.

Probability of an event = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes)

A frequency distribution is a summary of how often different values occur in a data set.