AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 1.5*: Structure & Function of Macromo

Front

What is the 3' end of a nucleotide chain?

Back

The 3' end refers to the end of a DNA or RNA strand that has a free hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the third carbon of the sugar molecule.

Front

What is the 5' end of a nucleotide chain?

Back

The 5' end refers to the end of a DNA or RNA strand that has a phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar molecule.

Front

In which direction does DNA synthesis occur?

Back

DNA synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.

Front

What is the role of the R group in amino acids?

Back

The R group, or side chain, determines the characteristics and properties of each amino acid, influencing protein structure and function.

Front

What type of bond connects nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds connect nitrogenous bases in DNA, allowing for the double helix structure.

Front

What is primary structure in proteins?

Back

Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, held together by peptide bonds.

Front

What is tertiary structure in proteins?

Back

Tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein formed by the interactions between R groups of amino acids.

Front

What is a peptide bond?

Back

A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What are the four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).